High Uric Acid: Causes, Diagnosis, Precautions, Treatment

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Are you experiencing joint pain, discomfort, and swelling? It might be due to high levels of uric acid in your blood. Although this condition, known as hyperuricemia, is not always harmful, it can lead to severe complications if left untreated. This article discusses the causes, diagnosis, precautions, and treatment of high uric acid levels.

What Causes High Uric Acid Levels?

Uric acid is a byproduct of purine metabolism, which is a substance found in many foods, such as red meat, shellfish, and alcohol. Under normal circumstances, your kidneys filter uric acid out of your blood and dispose of it through your urine. However, if your body produces too much uric acid or your kidneys cannot remove it efficiently, it accumulates in your bloodstream, causing hyperuricemia.

Several factors can contribute to high uric acid levels, such as:

  • Genetics: Some people are predisposed to develop hyperuricemia due to inherited genes that affect their purine metabolism.
  • Lifestyle factors: High consumption of purine-rich foods, alcohol, and sugary beverages can increase your risk of developing hyperuricemia.
  • Medical conditions: Hyperuricemia can be a complication of certain medical conditions, such as gout, hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease.

How is High Uric Acid Levels Diagnosed?

If you experience symptoms of hyperuricemia, such as joint pain, your doctor may order a blood test to measure your uric acid levels. Normal levels of uric acid range from 3.4 to 7.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) in men and from 2.4 to 6.0 mg/dL in women. However, the optimal values may vary depending on the laboratory analyzing the results.

If your uric acid levels are higher than normal, your doctor may order additional tests, such as:

  • Joint fluid test: This test involves extracting some fluid from your affected joint to check for signs of gout, a type of arthritis caused by uric acid crystal deposits.
  • Kidney function test: This test determines how well your kidneys are working to remove waste products from your blood.
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